Five questions.

  • What makes a fish a fish?
  • What makes a continent a continent?
  • What makes a country a country?
  • What makes a vegetable a vegetable?
  • What makes a sport a sport?

What makes a fish a fish?

  • Historically animal phyla (mammals, reptiles, birds, etc.) were defined by convention and common traits.
  • Biologists later started classifying animals by common ancestry.
  • Animals we call "fish" are very far apart evolutionarily.
  • A common ancestor would also include all mammals. That's a problem.

Let's ask Wikipedia.

A fish is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with a tough cranium to protect the brain , but lacking limbs with digits .

Included by the definition

Excluded by the definition